The historic centre compresses Roman traces, medieval churches, merchant houses, guild streets and later interventions into a dense fabric of caruggi. Its narrowness is evidence of land value, defence, slope and continuous occupation.
The Rolli palaces explain how a republic without a royal court hosted diplomats through a regulated network of private residences. Their splendour belongs beside banking, naval power and the labour that sustained the port.
Porto Antico, the Lanterna, Sampierdarena and hillside districts show different modern transformations. Regeneration did not replace the commercial harbour, migration or industrial memory; these systems still shape daily movement.
Give the old city and palace system one full day, then devote a second route to maritime museums, the Lanterna and the western port districts.