One island, many histories
Layers that never
fully disappear.
Sicily is not a simple procession of rulers. Communities, languages, faiths, economies and artistic techniques overlapped, collided and changed one another. The journey begins before the Greek cities and continues beyond the monumental past.
01Before the colonies
Sicani, Sicels, Elymi, rock-cut necropolises and early Mediterranean exchange.
02Phoenician and Punic West
Ports, commercial routes and Carthaginian power in western Sicily.
03Greek cities
Independent poleis, sanctuaries, theatres, alliances and long conflicts.
04Roman Sicily
Province, agriculture, cities, roads, transformed theatres and great estates.
05Byzantine island
Eastern Roman rule, Christianity and enduring Greek cultural continuities.
06Islamic Sicily
Political centres, Mediterranean networks, agriculture, language and urban change.
07Normans and Frederick II
A kingdom that reworked Western, Islamic and Byzantine forms.
08Aragon and Spain
Dynasties, ports, fortifications and transformations of the early modern island.
09Earthquake and Baroque
The catastrophe of 1693 and the different urban responses of the south-east.
10Modern island
Unification, migration, autonomy, social struggles, reconstruction and contemporary art.